WE ARE PURISTS
REINEISEN

Properties of iron and steel are influenced by the amount of carbon and other alloying elements. ALLIEDPUREIRON® is:

purest iron
produced in
steelworks

it is not alloyed
with any foreign
elements

it contains
virtually zero
natural
impurities

ALLIEDPUREIRON^® is very complex to manufacture and offers excellent quality due to its very high purity of approx. 99.9%.

This makes the material suitable for a wide range of applications. These range from sacrificial anodes to high-tech applications in research and development for aerospace and the automotive industry.

Material Data Sheet
Pure Iron ALLIEDPUREIRON®

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
(REFERENCE ANALYSiS – MAXIMUM VALUES IN %)

ALLIEDPUREIRON®

C	Si	Mn	P	S	AI	N
0,008	0,02	0,07	0,005	0,005	0,01	0,006

Cr	Ni	Cu	V	Sn	Ti	Co
0,03	0,03	0,03	0,004	0,005	0,005	0,003

It is also possible to supply ALLIEDPUREIRON® in accordance with ASTM A1126 – 23!

ALLIEDPUREIRON® compared to ASTM A848 – Typ 2

C	Si	Mn	P	S	AI	N
0,020	0,15	0,35	0,10 - 0,18	0,025	0,10	-

Cr	Ni	Cu	V	Sn	Ti	Co
0,20	0,15	-	0,10	-	0,10	-

„-“ means that the elements marked in this way are not specified in the material specification!s die so gekennzeichneten Elemente in der Spezifikation des Werkstoffes nicht spezifiziert sind!

ALLIEDPUREIRON® compared to AISI 1006

C	Si	Mn	P	S	AI	N
0,060	0,20	0,40	0,015	0,015	-	-

Cr	Ni	Cu	V	Sn	Ti	Co
0,10	-	-	0,10	-	-	-

„-“ means that the elements marked in this way are not specified in the material specification!

ALLIEDPUREIRON® compared to C15 (1.0401)

C	Si	Mn	P	S	AI	N
0,12 - 0,18	0,4	0,30 - 0,60	0,045	0,045	-	-

Cr	Ni	Cu	V	Sn	Ti	Co
-	-	-	-	-	-	-

„–“ bedeutet, das„-“ means that the elements marked in this way are not specified in the material specification!s die so gekennzeichneten Elemente in der Spezifikation des Werkstoffes nicht spezifiziert sind!

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
(AVERAGE VALUES TYPICAL FOR THE PRODUCTION PROCESS IN %)

ALLIEDPUREIRON®

C	Si	Mn	P	S	AI	N
0,002	0,004	0,04	0,003	0,003	0,002	0,004

Cr	Ni	Cu	V	Sn	Ti	Co
0,014	0,012	0,01	0,002	0,002	0,001	0,002

MECHANICAL VALUES
(AVERAGE VALUES, AS ROLLED)


Yield Strength R_e N/mm²	220
Tensile Strength R_m N/mm²	270
Elongation A (L=5d) %	50
Restriction Z %	70

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES


Density at 20 °C	7,86 kg/dm³
Modulus of elasticity	207 kN/mm²
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion temperature range 0° C-100° C	12·10-6 1/°C
Melting point	1536 °C

ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES

The purity of a metal determines its electrical conductivity. This is why materials that are as pure as possible are used for all conducting parts. Electrical conductivity is affected even by very low proportions of C, Si, P, S, Mn and Cu, and these proportions are higher in the usual commercial grades of steel.

ALLIEDPUREIRON®, on the other hand, is sure to provide significantly better conductivity than other soft, unalloyed types of steel. Experience has shown that the specific resistance of ALLIEDPUREIRON®, at 20° C temperature of the material, is ≈ 0.11 Ohm x mm²/m.

Because of its high magnetic permeability, ALLIEDPUREIRON® is also a material of choice for DC magnetisation of solid parts. It has a saturation of approx. 21,000 Gauss, and can thus be used wherever maximum induction is required. Particularly noteworthy characteristics of the pure and soft ALLIEDPUREIRON® are its high permeability and very low coercive force.

It also has outstanding magnetic properties, such as high magnetic saturation, low coercivity, high permeability, as well as excellent conductivity, especially in medium induction ranges.
Each cold working process leads to stresses in the microstructure of the material, and thus to a deterioration of its magnetic properties. That is why finished parts generally need to undergo annealing when they are in final form.

You will find an example on the following pages. However, our experience shows that ALLIEDPUREIRON® reaches the magnetic values required by customers even without a final annealing in various applications. This is due to its high grade of purity. Precise values for specific applications can be demonstrated in experiments.

The following values should be taken as guidelines:

Initial Permeability (µ_i)	300 – 500 µ
Maximum Permeability (µ_max)	2.000 – 20.000 µ
Coercive field strength (H_c)	12 – 160 A/m
Saturation induction (B_s)	2,15 T

The best magnetic properties can be achieved through targeted processing steps. We are happy to support our customers with further information in a personal conversation.

Application Characteristics

Corrosion

The purer the iron, the greater its resistance to electrolytic self-destruction, which occurs at the interfaces between the iron crystals and the accumulated accompanying elements.

Chemical Effects

ALLIEDPUREIRON^® is conditionally resistant to acids, bases, and salt solutions that form chemical compounds with the element Fe. Specifically, while ALLIEDPUREIRON^® cannot completely replace other rust- and acid-resistant materials, it offers advantages wherever one is accustomed to accepting a certain degree of chemical attack when using unalloyed metallic materials. Thanks to its homogeneous structure and high purity, ALLIEDPUREIRON^® is attacked more slowly by many iron-degrading chemicals than unalloyed steels.

Oxidation

The purer the iron, the better its oxidation behavior (scaling). This plays a crucial role, especially during hot working and other heat exposures. Oxidation-induced scaling not only hinders heat transfer but also reduces material thickness, thus having a destructive effect. ALLIEDPUREIRON^® shows increased resistance due to firmly adhering, protective scale layers.

From Electromagnetic
Shielding to Hardening

Because of its 99,9% pure iron ALLIEDPUREIRON® can be used in a large scope of application. From high-technology up to various handcrafts.
To know more about the applicationfields click on the pictures below.

Soft metal gaskets

Mechanical properties are essential for a number of applications, such as cold working. Compared to other steels, ALLIEDPUREIRON® has the advantage of low tensile strength and hardness, as well as high elongation and toughness values due to its chemical purity and homogeneous material structure. It is often used for metal gaskets or ring joints in the petrochemical/chemical industry acc. to specifications/hardness requirements of max. 90 HB, but also in the automotive and electrical industries. It features very high resistance to corrosion and oxidation, and good resistance to acids due to the extremely high grade of iron purity.

Electromagnetic applications

Very high permeability, very low coercivity, and extremely high saturation of ALLIEDPUREIRON® make it very well suited for a wide variety of magnetic applications. Possible applications are: particle accelerators, electromagnets, e.g. for electric motors/magnetic brake and clutch systems, DC relay, magnetic shielding, e.g. for cabins in the area of magnetic resonance imaging, as well as shielding power cables in submarines, warships, and buildings.Durch sehr hohe Permeabilität und sehr niedrige Koerzitivkraft, sowie einer extrem hohen Sättigung sehr gut geeignet für verschiedenste magnetische Anwendungen. Partikel-/Teilchenbeschleuniger, Elektromagnete z.B. für Elektromotoren / magnetischen Brems-und Kupplungssystemen, Gleichstrom-Relais, Magnetische Abschirmungen z.B. für Kabinen im Bereich der Kernspintomographie aber auch Starkstromkabelabschirmungen in U-Booten, Kriegsschiffen und Gebäuden.

Electrical components

Due to its high electrical conductivity, ALLIEDPUREIRON® can be used for example in power rails/third rails and earthing cables. It can also replace copper-clad wires in ignition wires.

CP - cathodic protection

ALLIEDPUREIRON® is often used as a sacrificial anode in cooling systems of a wide variety of industrial plants, in seawater-cooled heat exchangers, and in desalination plants. It is mostly used together with pipes made of copper-nickel content 90/10.

Hot-dip galvanising

Used for batch galvanizing, continuous strip galvanizing, spray galvanizing, and electrolytic galvanizing in the manufacture of galvanizing baths, rollers, spirals, hooks, frames, and pyrometer protection tubes for measuring instruments. ALLIEDPUREIRON® is characterized by long service life and low zinc uptake. Used for batch galvanizing, continuous strip galvanizing, spray galvanizing, and electrolytic galvanizing in the manufacture of galvanizing baths, rollers, spirals, hooks, frames, and pyrometer protection tubes for measuring instruments. ALLIEDPUREIRON® is characterized by long service life and low zinc uptake.

Areas of Artistic Blacksmithing

From Damascus swords and knives to forged gates and fences, through to the restoration of very old iron parts — including nails for Viking ships — a wide variety of applications exists. A widely appreciated substitute for "Wrought Iron – Anchor Iron".

Hardening

It is used as an electrode in salt baths, e.g. for pistons.

MACHINING

Turning

Both high-speed steel and carbide tools are suitable for machining ALLIEDPUREIRON^®. Sharply ground tools and carefully selected cutting data are extremely important, as ALLIEDPUREIRON^® tends to smear if the wrong choices are made. The most efficient production for rough turning is achieved with a small feed rate and deep cut. Where the best surface quality and dimensional accuracy are required for fine turning, the feed rate should not exceed 0.1 mm. With correctly chosen cutting data, the turned surface appears shiny; otherwise, it is dull. An extremely fine cutting edge is also important. Tip: To protect the tool and workpiece, ample cooling and lubrication are essential. It is recommended to use a mineral oil with 1-1.5% sulfur and 5% fat.

Milling

For a fine surface, use hobbing cutters with a helix angle of 45-52°. Radial rake angle: 30°. For optimal cutting speed of 25-45m/min at 19-32 mm/min feed rate. Radial rake angle when working with side milling cutters: 10°. Tip: Ensure clean formation of the chip flute geometry of the tools. The same specifications for cooling and lubrication apply as for turning.

Drilling

Generally, a high-speed steel drill with a point angle of 100° provides satisfactory results. Clearance angle at the cutting lip: approx. 12°. Cutting speed of 20-30 m/min at a feed rate of 0.02-0.1 mm/revolution.

Threading

Tip: Select a slightly larger core diameter of the thread than usual. This will greatly reduce the risk of taps breakage, and ensure a clean thread. Non-cutting thread forming is recommended. Rake angle: approx. 15-20° Cutting speed: 4 6 m/min.

NON-CUTTING
PROCESSING

Non-cutting Forming

Due to its mechanical properties, ALLIEDPUREIRON^® offers particular advantages in cold forming to high degrees of deformation. During

Cutting

Drawing

Deep-drawing

Pressen

Cold extrusion

there is minimal compressive stress and resistance to deformation. That ensures high levels of deformation. With a controlled deformation, the tensile strength can reach twice the initial value.
Tip: Hot working by rolling, forging, bending, flanging, and pressing must not take place in the red-short area from 850 to 1.050°.

WE ARE PURISTSREINEISEN

Material Data SheetPure Iron ALLIEDPUREIRON®

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION(REFERENCE ANALYSiS – MAXIMUM VALUES IN %)

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION(AVERAGE VALUES TYPICAL FOR THE PRODUCTION PROCESS IN %)

MECHANICAL VALUES (AVERAGE VALUES, AS ROLLED)